Causes of raised lumps at the lower end of testicles

A raised lump at the lower end of the testicle may be related to epididymitis, varicocele, testicular cyst, testicular tumor, inguinal hernia and other causes. It is recommended to seek medical examination promptly and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment after a clear diagnosis.

1. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is an inflammatory reaction of the epididymis, which may be related to bacterial infection, urine reflux and other factors. Patients may develop a hard lump at the lower end of the testicle, accompanied by symptoms such as pain, swelling, and fever. For treatment, antibiotics such as levofloxacin tablets and cefixime dispersible tablets can be used as directed by the doctor, along with bed rest and scrotal elevation to relieve symptoms.

2. Varicocele

Varicocele is an abnormal expansion of the spermatic venous plexus, which may be related to factors such as venous valve insufficiency and long-term standing. It manifests as an earthworm-shaped mass in the scrotum, which may be hardened at the lower end of the testicles, accompanied by a feeling of swelling. Mild cases can be improved by scrotal support, while severe cases require high spermatic vein ligation.

3. Testicular cyst

Testicular cysts are cystic masses that form in the testicles or epididymis and may be related to duct obstruction, trauma and other factors. There are no obvious symptoms when the cyst is small, and a painless hard lump can be palpated when it grows larger. Smaller cysts do not require treatment, but surgical removal may be considered if larger cysts cause discomfort.

4. Testicular tumors

Testicular tumors are abnormal proliferations of testicular tissue, which may be related to cryptorchidism, genetics and other factors. Early manifestations include painless induration, which may be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness in the testicles. Diagnosis needs to be confirmed through ultrasound, tumor markers and other examinations. Treatment is mainly radical orchiectomy, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

5. Inguinal hernia

Inguinal hernia is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the groin area, which may be related to factors such as weak abdominal wall and increased abdominal pressure. When the contents of the hernia fall into the scrotum, a soft mass can be touched, which can be recovered when lying down. When incarceration occurs, it turns into a hard mass with severe pain. It needs to be treated with hernia repair.

If you find a hard lump at the lower end of the testicle, you should avoid squeezing or applying heat on your own, and reduce strenuous exercise. Wear loose-fitting cotton underwear to keep your perineum clean and dry. Pay attention to the size, texture changes and accompanying symptoms of the lump on a daily basis, and review ultrasound regularly. If redness, swelling, heat, pain, or rapid enlargement of the lump occur, seek medical attention immediately.