Symptoms of late-stage spread of ovarian cancer

Symptoms of late-stage spread of ovarian cancer include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, weight loss, abnormal urination, and lower limb edema. Late spread of ovarian cancer usually indicates that the disease has progressed to a more serious stage, which may be caused by tumor compression, lymphatic metastasis, hematogenous metastasis, peritoneal implantation and other factors. It usually presents with symptoms such as ascites, intestinal obstruction, dyspnea, etc.

1. Abdominal bloating

Abdominal bloating is a common symptom of late-stage spread of ovarian cancer and may be related to tumor growth or ascites accumulation. Tumor growth may cause increased intra-abdominal pressure, and accumulation of ascites may cause significant abdominal distension. Patients may feel a feeling of heaviness or fullness in the abdomen, which may affect eating and breathing in severe cases. Ascites is usually caused by tumor cells irritating the peritoneum or obstruction of lymphatic drainage, and puncture and drainage may be required to relieve symptoms.

2. Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain usually manifests as persistent dull pain or dull pain, which may be related to tumor invasion of surrounding tissues or nerves. Tumor compression of the intestines or ureters may cause colic, and peritoneal invasion may cause sharp pain. The pain is mostly located in the lower abdomen or pelvis, and may radiate to the lower back as the condition progresses. Severe pain may require analgesic medications such as tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets, morphine sulfate extended-release tablets, or fentanyl transdermal patches.

3. Weight loss

Wasting is a typical manifestation of late-stage spread of ovarian cancer and may be related to tumor wasting, decreased appetite, or malabsorption. Patients may experience significant weight loss, muscle atrophy, and fatigue. Exuberant tumor metabolism consumes a large amount of energy, and invasion of the digestive tract may affect nutrient absorption. It is recommended to eat small meals frequently and choose high-protein and high-calorie foods such as egg custard, fish paste and nutritional supplements.

4. Abnormal urination

Abnormal urination, including frequent urination, urgency, or difficulty urinating, may be related to tumor compression of the bladder or ureter. Tumor growth in the pelvic cavity may directly invade the urinary system, and lymph node metastasis may block the urinary tract. Patients may experience pain on urination, hematuria, or urinary retention, which may lead to hydronephrosis in severe cases. A urinary system examination is required, and a ureteral catheter or ureteral stent is inserted if necessary.

5. Edema of lower limbs

Lower extremity edema usually manifests as unilateral or bilateral lower extremity swelling, which may be related to obstruction of lymphatic drainage or venous compression. Pelvic lymph node metastasis may block lymphatic vessels, and tumor compression of the inferior vena cava may affect blood return. Edema often starts from the ankle and gradually progresses upward, and may be accompanied by a feeling of skin tightness. Elevating the affected limb and wearing elastic stockings may relieve symptoms. In severe cases, diuretic treatment is required.

Patients with advanced ovarian cancer spread need to maintain a balanced diet, properly supplement high-quality protein and vitamins, and avoid high-salt foods to reduce edema. Light activities such as walking can be carried out according to the physical condition. Bedridden patients need to turn over regularly to prevent pressure ulcers. Keep your skin clean and dry, and wear loose clothing to reduce friction. Regularly review and monitor changes in condition, and strictly follow doctor's instructions for treatment and care. Family members should provide psychological support to help patients maintain a positive attitude.