What causes uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding may be caused by endocrine disorders, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, endometriosis, coagulation disorders and other reasons. Uterine bleeding manifests as vaginal bleeding during non-menstrual periods. The amount of bleeding may be heavy or small, and the duration may vary. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain and dizziness. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly and provide targeted treatment after the cause is identified.

1. Endocrine disorders

Endocrine disorders are a common cause of uterine bleeding, mostly related to hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction. Factors such as long-term mental stress, excessive dieting, and obesity may affect hormone secretion, leading to abnormal endometrial proliferation or incomplete shedding. Typical manifestations include menstrual cycle disorders, prolonged menstrual periods, or increased menstrual flow. It can be diagnosed through six sex hormone tests. Treatment requires the use of progesterone capsules, estradiol valerate tablets and other drugs to regulate the cycle as directed by the doctor, and at the same time improve lifestyle.

2. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors formed by the proliferation of uterine smooth muscle tissue and may be related to excessive estrogen levels. The enlargement of fibroids may compress the endometrium or affect uterine contractions, leading to increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual periods, or non-menstrual bleeding. Some patients are accompanied by symptoms such as lower abdominal distension and frequent urination. Ultrasound examination can confirm the diagnosis. For smaller fibroids, mifepristone tablets can be used to shrink uterine fibroids as directed by the doctor. For larger fibroids, uterine myomectomy should be considered.

3. Endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps are neoplasms formed by local excessive proliferation of the endometrium, which may be related to chronic inflammation or estrogen stimulation. Polyps may cause irregular vaginal bleeding, irregular menstruation, and rarely, dysmenorrhea. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Treatment requires polyp removal under hysteroscopy. After surgery, dydrogesterone tablets can be used as directed by the doctor to prevent recurrence.

4. Endometriosis

Endometriosis refers to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, and the ectopic endometrium causes periodic bleeding due to hormonal changes. Common symptoms are abdominal pain during menstruation, dyspareunia and non-menstrual bleeding, which may be accompanied by infertility. Laparoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. In mild cases, you can use ibuprofen sustained-release capsules as directed by your doctor to relieve pain. In moderate to severe cases, drugs such as gestrinone capsules should be considered to inhibit the growth of ectopic endometrium.

5. Coagulation dysfunction

Coagulation disorders such as thrombocytopenia, hemophilia and other diseases may cause uterine bleeding to be difficult to stop. In addition to vaginal bleeding, patients may also have systemic bleeding tendencies such as skin ecchymosis and gum bleeding. The diagnosis needs to be confirmed through coagulation function tests, and treatment needs to be targeted at the primary disease. For example, if there is immune thrombocytopenia, prednisone acetate tablets can be used as directed by the doctor, and platelets can be transfused if necessary.

Daily care should be taken to keep the vulva clean to avoid infection. Avoid strenuous exercise during bleeding and ensure adequate rest. You should eat a light diet and consume more iron-rich foods such as animal liver, spinach, etc. to prevent anemia. Regular gynecological examinations can help detect lesions early. If abnormal bleeding occurs, you should seek medical treatment promptly and avoid taking hemostatic drugs to cover up the condition.