Basic first aid skills examination question bank and answer analysis

1. What is the compression depth and frequency of adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Answer: 5-6cm, 100-120 times/minute

2. What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-person rescue of adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Answer: 30:2

3. What is the first step to use an automated external defibrillator (AED)? Answer: Turn on the phone and follow the voice prompts

4. What is the preferred first aid method for adults with foreign body obstruction in the airway while awake? Answer: Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrust)

5. What is the preferred hemostasis method for on-site arterial bleeding? Answer: Direct compression to stop bleeding

6. What is the preferred treatment for first-degree burns (red skin without blisters)? Answer: Rinse with running water for 15-30 minutes

7. After being scratched and bleeding by a cat or dog, what else needs to be done besides washing and disinfecting? Answer: Get rabies vaccine within 24 hours

8. What is the correct treatment when syncope occurs? Answer: Move the patient to a safe place, lie down, raise the lower limbs, and untie the collar

9. Which of the following actions is correct when an epileptic seizure occurs? Answer: Lie the patient on his side, remove sharp objects around him, and do not forcefully restrain him.

10. What are the requirements for the binding position of tourniquet? Answer: near the heart of the wound, as close to the wound as possible, avoiding joints and damaged skin

11. If a child loses consciousness after drowning and there is no one else around the rescuer, what should be done first? Answer: Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2 minutes first, then call 120

12. When a myocardial infarction occurs, what emergency drugs can patients take by themselves? Answer: Nitroglycerin (sublingual, provided there is no hypotension)

13. What should be done within 48 hours after an ankle sprain? Answer: apply ice, elevate the affected limb, immobilize, do not rub or apply heat

14. Which of the following situations is not suitable for cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Answer: The patient has regained spontaneous breathing and consciousness

15. What precautions should be taken first when coming into contact with the wounds of patients with suspected infectious diseases? Answer: Wear medical gloves and avoid direct contact with blood and body fluids

After memorizing the above, you can basically score more than 80 points in the objective part of the basic exam. Next, we will break down the error-prone points behind these test points, the differences between different assessment systems, and the pitfalls that I have encountered in the past few years by proctoring and taking the first aid certificate of different systems three times. It is much more useful than memorizing the answers.

Many people ask me, why did the old textbook I read before say that the CPR compression depth is at least 5cm, but now it limits the range to 5-6cm? In fact, this is the subtle difference between different assessment systems. The AHA2020 version of the guide has clarified this range to avoid rib fractures caused by pressing too deeply. The assessments of the domestic Red Cross Society in the past two years have also been aligned with this standard, but if What you are taking is the traditional medical and nursing three-level assessment in some areas. You may still use the expression "not less than 5cm". During the exam, just look at the options given on the test questions and choose flexibly. In practice, 5-6cm is definitely the best, and there is no need to stick to the standard. Oh, and there is also the compression interruption time. The AHA official requirement is that it should not exceed 10 seconds. When I took the AHA certificate test last year, the instructor specifically said that their practical assessment card is 8 seconds, which is stricter than the guideline - after all, in real scenarios, every additional second of interruption will reduce the patient's survival rate. You should pay more attention when taking the certificate of this system. Don't dawdle when changing people to perform compressions. You have to continue after one second.

The last time the unit organized a first-aid certificate assessment, there was a girl doing practical compressions. Her arms were bent like springs. She was panting and sweating after 30 compressions. The examiner gave her a direct failure. I really didn’t mean to jam people. During the actual operation, the arms must be straight and the weight of the upper body should be used to press down. Otherwise, the effective depth cannot be reached at all with the strength of the arms, and pressing for 10 minutes will be in vain.

Talking about the AED test points, many people choose to "attach the electrode pads first and then turn on the machine" when taking the test naked, which is completely reversed. All civilian AEDs on the market now have power-on priority. As soon as you power on, it will give you step-by-step voice prompts on what to do, such as tearing off the electrodes, attaching them to the corresponding positions, and not touching the patient. Even if you have never touched this device, you will not make mistakes by following the prompts. The location of the electrode pads is also a common question. Just below the clavicle of the upper right chest and mid-axillary line of the lower left chest. Don’t stick them backwards, and don’t stick them on wounds or implanted pacemakers.

There is still a slight controversy about the test point of foreign body obstruction in the airway. For example, what should pregnant women or people who are overweight do if their abdominal thrusts cannot exert force? The standard answer in the mainstream assessment is to perform chest thrusts, but I have checked relevant literature in the emergency field before, and some schools suggest that if the gestational age is less than 20 weeks and there is no obvious bulge in the abdomen, you can also use lighter abdominal thrusts, which will have better results. There will definitely be no points deduction if you choose chest thrust during the exam. If something goes wrong, just adjust flexibly. By the way, there is also foreign body obstruction in babies. Don’t give the Heimlich to little babies, as it can easily damage the internal organs. The standard answer is back slaps and chest compressions. This point is tested a lot.

Many people used to learn that "the tourniquet should be tied 10cm above the wound" when they were in school. This is all old history. The latest standard now is to tie it as close to the wound as possible. For example, if there is arterial bleeding at the wrist, just tie it directly above the wrist. You don't have to move it 10cm up. The farther you tie it, the worse the hemostatic effect. Also, the tourniquet must be tied for 1-2 minutes after being tied for 1 hour at most. Otherwise, the limbs are prone to ischemia and necrosis. In the last community assessment, an uncle answered that "the tourniquet can be tied for 2 hours," and his points were deducted. He also argued that this was how the factory safety officers taught him, which made people laugh and cry.

Don’t believe it, the burns and scalds question can screen out 30% of the naked test takers every year. There are always candidates for the wrong options of applying toothpaste, soy sauce, and violet. Remember, as long as it is a burn or scald, the first step is always to run cold water for at least 15 minutes. If there are no blisters, apply burn ointment. If there are blisters, don’t pop them yourself. Go directly to the hospital for treatment. Don’t bring your daily life misunderstandings to the exam. There are also questions about cat and dog scratches. Don't talk about "my cat is vaccinated and does not need injections." As long as the "scratch and bleeding" condition appears in the exam, you must choose to receive the rabies vaccine within 24 hours, without negotiation.

The exam that has been particularly popular recently is the treatment of epilepsy. In the past, the old saying was to put a towel in the mouth and press the tongue. Now the latest regulations have completely changed: do not put anything in the mouth, which may easily knock off the teeth or cause foreign objects to suffocate. Do not forcefully press the patient’s limbs, which may easily cause fractures. Just turn the patient sideways to allow secretions in the mouth to flow out, remove surrounding sharp objects and wait for him to relieve himself. When I was invigilating the exam last month, a candidate chose "stuffing a towel to prevent tongue biting" and argued with me that this was what his mother taught him. I can only say that life experience sometimes really fails to keep up with the updated standards.

One last thing to mention, if you are taking an exam of a specific system, such as a special medical assessment or an international first aid certificate, it is best to look for the latest guide for the corresponding system. Different systems do have differences in individual test points. For example, the domestic three-based assessment occasionally tests the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning and pesticide poisoning. The above high-frequency questions are not covered, so you can just make up for it when preparing for the exam. In fact, to put it bluntly, the first aid exam tests all real skills that can be used. Don’t memorize the answers just to get the certificate. I once encountered a passenger who suddenly fainted on the subway, and he was saved by the CPR that he had practiced in the exam. It is much more meaningful than getting a perfect score on the exam.