How to operate ovarian cyst

Ovarian cysts can be treated through laparoscopic surgery, open surgery, etc. Ovarian cysts are usually caused by endocrine disorders, inflammatory stimulation, endometriosis and other factors. The surgical method needs to be comprehensively evaluated based on the nature and size of the cyst and the patient's reproductive needs.

1. Laparoscopic surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive way to treat ovarian cysts and is suitable for benign cysts less than 5 cm in diameter. The surgery involves inserting instruments through a small incision in the abdomen and peeling off or removing the cyst under image guidance. It has the characteristics of minimal trauma and quick recovery. Mild abdominal distension or shoulder radiating pain may occur after surgery, which is related to carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum stimulation. Commonly used surgical procedures include cyst removal and appendectomy on the affected side. When combined with endometriosis, the lesions need to be treated simultaneously. Strenuous exercise should be avoided for 1-2 weeks after surgery, and ultrasound should be reviewed regularly to assess recovery.

2. Laparotomy

Laparotomy is suitable for cases with excessively large cysts, suspected malignant transformation, or severe abdominal adhesions. By making a transverse or longitudinal incision above the pubic symphysis and directly exposing the pelvic cavity for operation, the cyst can be completely removed and rapid pathological examination can be performed. If a malignant tumor is diagnosed during surgery, the scope of resection must be expanded and lymph node dissection must be performed. A urinary catheter needs to be left in place for 24-48 hours after surgery, and intestinal function is gradually restored within 5-7 days. People with scarring constitution may experience incision hyperplasia and require early intervention with silicone dressings.

The perineum should be kept clean and dry after surgery, and bathing and sexual intercourse should be prohibited within 2 months. Increase the daily intake of high-quality protein to promote tissue repair, such as fish, egg white, etc., and maintain the daily water intake at more than 1500 ml. Regularly monitor changes in hormone levels. If persistent fever, abnormal vaginal bleeding, etc. occur, immediate follow-up is required. For those who have not completed childbirth, the ovarian reserve function will be evaluated 3-6 menstrual cycles after surgery, and fertility preservation consultation will be conducted if necessary.