What is the content of first aid and emergency health training?

The life-saving practices during the golden rescue period, how to respond to public emergencies, and the correct handling of daily minor accidents are all designed around "everyone can use it, dare to use it, and don't cause trouble". There are not too many obscure theories.

I have been doing community emergency training for almost 4 years, and the most common question I get when I first start is, “Should I just learn CPR?” ”, in fact, the most urgent life-saving practices are indeed the highest priority, such as adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation + AED use, and the Heimlich maneuver for different age groups. These two items are required for all trainings. Last year, a supermarket cashier in our area got a fish stuck in his throat. A customer who had just completed the training next to him went up to use the Heimlich, and the foreign object was taken out in 30 seconds. If he waited for 120 to come over, there might be a risk of suffocation. This part of the content is still a bit controversial in the industry: Should deep trauma treatment be included in the training of the general public? There is a group of people who believe that ordinary people do not have sterile operating conditions, and teaching suturing and foreign body removal may easily cause secondary infections. Therefore, regular training only teaches the basic operations of pressing to stop bleeding and dressing wounds. ； There is also a group of people who believe that if it is a special training for outdoor enthusiasts and disaster relief volunteers, it must include the content of trauma treatment in extreme scenarios. After all, if you are really trapped in earthquake ruins or no man's land, stopping heavy bleeding first is a higher priority than preventing infection. Both views are reasonable, and there is no unified standard yet.

Don’t think that learning life-saving skills is enough. Nowadays, many formal trainings will increase the proportion of public emergencies and disaster response content to more than 30%, such as home protection and disinfection points during the high season of norovirus and influenza, and avoidance actions + post-injury treatment when fires and earthquakes occur. When I gave training to the community property management team last time, I specifically mentioned that "no hot compresses and no rubbing for 24 hours after a sprained foot." I once encountered an owner who sprained his foot while escaping from an earthquake. He applied safflower oil and rubbed it for a long time. In the end, it was so swollen that he could not walk, which actually delayed the evacuation.

There are also daily emergency health measures that many people tend to ignore. In fact, they are the content that ordinary people come into contact with most frequently. For example, if you have a burn or scald, you should flush cold water for more than 15 minutes immediately; if a cat or dog is scratched, you should get a rabies vaccine in time even if there is no bleeding; if you have a hypoglycemia attack, you should first feed sugary liquid food instead of chocolate; When a colic attack occurs, the patient should sit still and not move around. These may seem like trivial matters, but the consequences of stepping on the trap can be quite serious. I once met an aunt who had oil splashed on her arm while cooking, and directly applied bean paste and toothpaste. In the end, the wound was infected and left a shallow scar. If she had learned the correct treatment in advance, she would not have suffered this problem at all.

In the past two years, many trainings have added about 10% of psychological first aid content, which is how to comfort frightened people and relieve their own anxiety after an emergency. Last time there was a fire in a high-rise building in our area, many owners were so frightened that they could not sleep for several days. Several staff members from the neighborhood committee who had learned basic psychological first aid came to chat twice. Everyone's mood was much more stable, and it was much more efficient than waiting for professional counselors to come to the door.