What causes the formation of stones in the prostate?

Prostate stones may be caused by factors such as the deposition of prostatic fluid, infectious agents, obstruction in the urinary system, metabolic abnormalities, and iatrogenic factors. Prostate stones are typically formed by the accumulation of calcium or phosphate deposits. Most patients experience no significant symptoms, but some may suffer from difficulty urinating or discomfort in the perineal area. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and undergo examinations such as digital rectal examination and ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.

1. Deposition of prostatic fluid

Chronic prostatitis over an extended period can lead to the dilation of ducts, resulting in impaired drainage of prostatic fluid. Over time, calcium salts within this fluid gradually accumulate, forming stones. This condition may be accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and pain during urination. In daily life, it is advisable to avoid sitting for long periods and holding in urine. If necessary, traditional Chinese medicines such as Qianlie Shutong Capsules or Longbi Shu Capsules can be used under a doctor’s guidance as supplementary treatment. During acute episodes, antibiotics such as levofloxacin tablets should be used to control the infection.

2. Infectious factors

Recurrent episodes of bacterial prostatitis can lead to fibrosis of the gland, and gradual calcification within these areas can result in the formation of stones. Common pathogens include Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, among others. Patients may experience symptoms such as fever and blood in the semen. Treatment should involve the use of antibiotics that are sensitive to the pathogen, based on the results of drug sensitivity tests. Examples include cefixime dispersible tablets or azithromycin capsules. Additionally, warm sitz baths can help alleviate symptoms.

3. Urinary tract obstruction

Diseases such as urethral stricture and benign prostatic hyperplasia can cause increased resistance during urination, leading to the reflux of urine into the prostatic ducts. This process results in the deposition of mineral crystals and the formation of stones. Typical symptoms include a thinning of the urine stream and hesitancy during urination. Medications such as tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules and finasteride tablets can be used under a doctor's guidance to improve urinary function; in cases of severe obstruction, transurethral resection of the prostate may need to be considered.

4. Metabolic abnormalities

Metabolic disorders such as hypercalcemia and gout may increase the concentration of minerals in the urine, thereby promoting the formation of prostate stones. Such patients often have kidney stones or bladder stones as well. It is necessary to control the underlying disease. For example, patients with gout can take allopurinol tablets to reduce blood uric acid levels, while also limiting their intake of high-purine foods and ensuring that they drink at least 2000 milliliters of water per day.

5. Iatrogenic factors

Local tissue necrosis and calcification following prostate surgery or radiotherapy may serve as the core mechanism for the formation of stones. Patients with a prior history of transurethral surgery are at higher risk. Such stones are usually large in size and may block the ejaculatory ducts, leading to hematospermia or infertility. Asymptomatic individuals do not require any special treatment; however, if severe complications arise, transrectal ultrasound-guided lithotripsy may be considered.

Patients with prostate stones should maintain a regular urination routine in their daily lives and avoid prolonged cycling or sitting that may put pressure on the perineal area. Reduce the intake of high-oxalate foods such as spinach and chocolate in your diet, and consuming citrus fruits appropriately can help to acidify your urine. At least once a year, a prostate-specific antigen test and a digital rectal examination should be performed to monitor any changes in the stones. If symptoms such as acute urinary retention or persistent hematuria occur, immediate medical attention is required.