Causes of endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer may be caused by genetic factors, abnormal hormone levels, obesity, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome and other reasons. Endometrial cancer is a group of epithelial malignant tumors that occur in the endometrium. Patients may experience symptoms such as irregular vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, and lower abdominal pain. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly and actively cooperate with the doctor for treatment.

1. Genetic factors

Endometrial cancer may be related to genetic factors, and people with a family history of endometrial cancer are more likely to develop the disease. Such patients often have genetic mutations, such as those associated with Lynch syndrome. It is recommended that people with a family history undergo regular gynecological examinations and, if necessary, genetic testing. If hereditary endometrial cancer is diagnosed, more aggressive surveillance or preventive treatment may be needed.

2. Abnormal hormone levels

Long-term estrogen exposure without progesterone antagonism may lead to endometrial cancer. This situation is common in anovulatory menstruation and estrogen replacement therapy without adding progesterone. Patients may experience symptoms such as menstrual disorders and endometrial thickening. Treatment requires an individualized plan based on the patient's age, fertility needs, etc. Commonly used drugs include medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets, levonorgestrel intrauterine sustained-release system, etc.

3. Obesity

Obesity is an important risk factor for endometrial cancer. Adipose tissue can produce excess estrogen and stimulate endometrial hyperplasia. Obese patients are often accompanied by insulin resistance, further increasing the risk of disease. People with a body mass index over 30 have a significantly higher risk of developing the disease. Controlling your weight and improving your lifestyle can help reduce the risk. If necessary, you can use metformin and other drugs to improve insulin sensitivity as directed by your doctor.

4. Diabetes

People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing endometrial cancer, and a high blood sugar state may promote tumor growth. Patients with type 2 diabetes often have obesity and insulin resistance, forming a vicious cycle. Patients may experience symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Controlling blood sugar is the key. You can use insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs such as glimepiride tablets as directed by your doctor. At the same time, you need to have regular gynecological examinations.

5. Polycystic ovary syndrome

In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, due to long-term anovulation, the endometrium is continuously stimulated by estrogen and may develop endometrial cancer. Such patients usually present with symptoms such as oligomenorrhea, acne, and hirsutism. Treatment includes adjusting the menstrual cycle, commonly used drugs such as ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets, and endometrial biopsy if necessary. Those with fertility needs can undergo ovulation induction treatment.

To prevent endometrial cancer, you need to maintain a healthy weight, control blood sugar, exercise regularly, and avoid long-term single estrogen stimulation. People with high-risk factors should undergo regular gynecological examinations and ultrasound monitoring. If symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding occur, you should seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis. After treatment, patients need to follow up regularly as directed by their doctor to monitor for recurrence.