What are the contents of prevention and management of common diseases in children?

The essence of the prevention and management of common childhood diseases is full-cycle health maintenance covering pre-prevention, early identification, standardized treatment, and long-term care. The core is to focus on daily work, rather than waiting for children to get sick again.

When I was doing children's health education in the community last week, I met a mother who had just sent her baby to day care. She said that her baby had two hand, foot and mouth infections and a cold in the first month of kindergarten. She was so worried that she wanted to buy her baby some "immunity-enhancing" health care products that were spread online. In fact, the frequent illness of children who have just entered a collective environment is mostly due to the fact that they have been exposed to few pathogens before, and the details of daily protection are not in place. It really has little to do with poor immunity. The hand hygiene we repeatedly emphasize in daily life is not just a matter of flushing twice. It is a seven-step hand washing method for 15 seconds after touching public toys, before meals and after going to the toilet, and after returning home from outside. It is equivalent to adding the first filter to the child's health, which can block most of the germs transmitted through hands. Common digestive tract and respiratory infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth, and rotavirus are mostly infected by touching virus-containing items and then eating hands. When it comes to health supplements, there is currently no unified conclusion in the academic community. Those who support it believe that supplementing lactoferrin and specific probiotics for some children with weak immune function can indeed reduce the probability of infection, while those who oppose it believe that the benefits of additional supplementation for healthy children are very limited. Some products with high sugar content may increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract and affect appetite. Judging from clinical experience, as long as children have a balanced daily diet and meet growth and development standards, there is really no need to spend such wasteful money to follow the trend and stock up on goods.

Of course, even if the prevention is in place, the child will inevitably have headaches and fever. It is particularly critical whether the child can recognize the danger signs and avoid detours at this time. Last month, I received a baby who was over 1 year old. The parents thought it was a common cold at first. After two days of runny nose, he started to cough. The parents gave him some cold medicine for children at home and did not take it seriously. On the third day, when the baby breathed, his clavicle sank in. He was so wimpy that he didn't even want to drink milk. When he was delivered, he had moderate pneumonia, and he had to stay in the hospital for a week. In fact, if parents could count the respiratory rate at that time, they should be alert if their 1-year-old baby's breathing exceeds 40 times/minute at rest. If they come to the hospital earlier, they would not have to suffer this problem at all. Nowadays, people often argue that "minor problems can be easily cross-infected if you go to the hospital, but can be cured by carrying them at home." This is actually half right and half wrong. If the baby only has a runny nose, a slight cough, is in the same spirit as usual, and can eat and play, it can indeed be observed at home. However, if there are signs of shortness of breath, listlessness, frequent vomiting, and unexplained rashes, don't hesitate and go to the hospital quickly. Carrying it on will easily lead to serious illness.

If you are really diagnosed with common diseases such as colds, flu, and acute gastroenteritis, it is also important to deal with them in a standardized manner, and do not use medicine indiscriminately. Take fever as an example. Many parents stick to the 38.5°C line and give antipyretics when the temperature reaches that point. In fact, it is completely unnecessary. If the child has a fever of 38.8°C and is running around playing, just drink more water and put on an antipyretic patch. If the child languishes in his arms at 38.8°C and does not want to move, it is perfectly fine to take some antipyretics to relieve the discomfort. There is no need to stick to the standard and dare not move. There are also people who often ask whether you can use folk remedies, such as boiling rock sugar snow pears for coughs, and covering sweat when you have a fever. These also depend on the situation. Rock sugar snow pears can indeed relieve mild dry coughs caused by dryness in autumn. However, if the cough is caused by bacterial infection, there will be yellow phlegm, bloody phlegm, and blood. For elephants, just drinking pear water is definitely not enough. You still need to take medicine. As for covering sweat, it is not recommended for babies under 3 years old. The baby's temperature regulation center has not yet developed well. If the child is covered too tightly, the heat will not escape, which can easily cause febrile convulsions. The gain outweighs the gain.

I have also encountered many children with recurring eczema and diarrhea. Their parents searched for home remedies everywhere, but after doing an allergen test, they found out that they were allergic to cow's milk protein. After switching to deeply hydrolyzed milk powder, they were cured within half a month. Therefore, daily long-term health monitoring is also necessary. It is recommended that children under 3 years old have a routine physical examination every six months to detect potential problems such as growth and allergens in a timely manner. They should ensure 1 to 2 hours of outdoor activities every day, and replenish vitamin D in the sun. It can also strengthen their physical fitness and is more reliable than any health care products.

In fact, the prevention and management of common childhood diseases is not difficult at all. It is just a matter of paying more attention to details and not blindly following the parenting experience spread on the Internet. Don’t panic when your child is sick. Pay more attention to the condition. If you have any problems, go to a professional doctor in time. You can basically deal with it smoothly~