What causes testicular pain in men

Testicular pain may be caused by testicular torsion, epididymitis, orchitis, varicocele, or trauma. Testicular pain usually manifests as scrotal swelling, tenderness, fever and other symptoms. It is recommended to seek medical treatment in time for a clear diagnosis.

1. Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion is usually related to congenital anatomical abnormalities or strenuous exercise and manifests as sudden severe pain accompanied by scrotal redness and swelling. This situation is a urological emergency and needs to be treated by manual reduction or orchiopexy within 6 hours. Delay may lead to testicular necrosis. Ibuprofen sustained-release capsules are commonly used clinically to relieve pain, but they must be used after a doctor’s diagnosis.

2. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is often caused by bacterial retrograde infection, and common pathogens include Escherichia coli and gonococcus. Patients will experience swelling and pain in the scrotum on the affected side that radiates to the groin, which may be accompanied by frequent urination and urgency. Treatment requires antibiotics such as levofloxacin tablets and scrotal elevation to reduce swelling. In the acute stage, bed rest is required and sexual intercourse should be avoided.

3. Orchitis

Orchitis is often secondary to mumps virus infection and manifests as persistent testicular swelling, pain and fever. Acetaminophen tablets need to be used to reduce fever when the disease develops, and interferon injections are required in severe cases. The patient should apply ice to the scrotum and remain absolutely bed-ridden. If combined with bacterial infection, cefixime dispersible tablets can be used in combination. Failure to treat it promptly may affect spermatogenesis.

4. Varicocele

Varicocele is caused by venous valve insufficiency, which causes blood stasis and is more common in the left testicle. It manifests as falling pain after standing for a long time, which is relieved by lying down. In mild cases, sodium aescin tablets can be used to improve circulation, but in severe cases, laparoscopic high spermatic vein ligation is required. This disease may cause sperm quality to decline, and men of childbearing age should have regular check-ups.

5. Trauma

Testicular trauma, commonly caused by sports impacts or straddle injuries, can lead to localized hematoma and severe pain. In the acute stage, cold compresses should be applied and Yunnan Baiyao capsules should be taken to stop bleeding and remove blood stasis. If ultrasound shows testicular rupture, emergency suturing is required. Avoid strenuous exercise during the recovery period and wear protective underwear to prevent further injury.

In daily life, avoid riding or sitting for long periods of time, and choose breathable cotton underwear to keep your vagina dry. If you have pain that lasts for more than 2 hours, fever or hematuria, you should seek medical attention immediately. Pay attention to supplementing vitamin C and zinc in the diet, and do moderate anal levitation exercises to promote blood circulation. Regular andrological examinations can help detect potential lesions early.