What causes stomach pain a few days before menstruation?

Stomach pain in the days before menstruation may be related to premenstrual syndrome, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis, fluctuations in hormone levels and other factors. Premenstrual syndrome usually presents with dull pain in the lower abdomen and breast tenderness. Endometriosis may be accompanied by painful intercourse and increased menstrual flow. Pelvic inflammatory disease often presents with fever and abnormal secretions. Adenomyosis can lead to prolonged menstruation and worsening dysmenorrhea. Hormone changes may cause gastrointestinal discomfort.

1. Premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome is a physiological discomfort that occurs 1-2 weeks before menstruation and is related to increased prostaglandin secretion. Typical symptoms include lower abdominal distension, backache, mood swings, and some patients may have headaches or edema. It is recommended to use hot compresses on the abdomen and drink ginger tea to relieve pain. If necessary, you can use ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, naproxen sodium tablets, Yuanhu pain-relieving tablets and other drugs as directed by your doctor. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and eating a low-salt diet can help reduce symptoms.

2. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a pathological pain caused by ectopic endometrial tissue bleeding during the menstrual cycle and irritating peripheral nerves. The pain usually lasts from premenstruation to the end of menstruation, may radiate to the lumbosacral region, and is often accompanied by infertility or painful defecation. The diagnosis requires a combination of ultrasound examination and tumor marker CA125 detection. Treatment can include dienogest tablets, gestrinone capsules and other drugs. In severe cases, laparoscopic surgery to remove the lesions may be considered.

3. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease may cause increased pain before menstruation due to pelvic congestion, which is often caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection. Accompanying symptoms include increased vaginal discharge, odor, and bleeding after intercourse. In the acute attack, intravenous antibiotics are required. In the chronic phase, Gynecology Qianjin Capsules and Jingangteng Capsules can be used in conjunction with pelvic floor physiotherapy as directed by the doctor. It is necessary to avoid exertion and bathing in the daily routine, and pay attention to the cleanliness of the perineum.

4. Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is more common in multiparous women. The endometrium invades the myometrium, causing the uterus to enlarge uniformly. The pain worsened progressively, the menstrual flow was heavy and accompanied by blood clots, and ultrasound showed uneven echo in the myometrium. Mild cases can be treated with the levonorgestrel sustained-release intrauterine system. For moderate to severe pain, injection of leuprolide acetate microspheres is recommended. Hysterectomy is required when conservative treatment is ineffective.

5. Fluctuations in hormone levels

An imbalance in the ratio of estrogen and progesterone before menstruation can stimulate gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction, causing cramping abdominal pain or diarrhea. This type of functional abdominal pain usually resolves on its own after menstruation. You can regulate hormones by taking vitamin B6 soft capsules and Nuangong Pregnancy Pills, and supplement calcium and magnesium tablets to relieve muscle tension. Avoid raw, cold foods and caffeine before menstruation.

It is recommended to record the pain cycle and accompanying symptoms, and avoid strenuous exercise and abdominal cold during menstruation. If the pain affects daily life or is accompanied by abnormal bleeding or fever, you should promptly see a gynecologist for ultrasound and six hormone tests. Daily abdominal breathing can be practiced to relieve spasms. Appropriate consumption of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as walnuts and spinach can help reduce inflammation.