What causes testicles to become enlarged?

Testicular enlargement may be caused by orchitis, testicular hydrocele, testicular torsion, epididymitis, varicocele, etc. Enlarged testicles are usually accompanied by symptoms such as pain and swelling. It is recommended to seek medical treatment in time for a clear diagnosis.

1. Orchitis

Orchitis is an inflammation caused by infection of testicular tissue, which may be related to bacterial infection, viral infection and other factors. Patients often present with symptoms such as testicular pain, swelling, and fever. After diagnosis, cefixime dispersible tablets, amoxicillin capsules, levofloxacin tablets and other drugs can be used for anti-infectious treatment under the guidance of a doctor. At the same time, you need to stay in bed and avoid strenuous exercise.

2. Testicular hydrocele

Testicular hydrocele refers to excessive accumulation of fluid in the vaginal cavity, which may be related to trauma, inflammation and other factors. Patients may experience symptoms such as painless swelling of the scrotum and a feeling of swelling. A small amount of effusion can be observed, but a large amount of effusion needs to be treated by surgical methods such as sheath reversal surgery. The incision needs to be kept dry after surgery and reviewed regularly.

3. Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion is caused by the torsion of the spermatic cord causing obstruction of the testicular blood supply, which may be related to congenital developmental abnormalities, strenuous exercise and other factors. The typical manifestation is sudden severe pain, swelling, and elevated position of the testicles, which is a urological emergency. It needs to be surgically reduced and fixed within 6 hours, otherwise testicular necrosis may occur. Strenuous activities need to be avoided after surgery.

4. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is mostly caused by bacterial retrograde infection and often presents with symptoms such as scrotal pain, testicular enlargement, and discomfort during urination. For treatment, you can use drugs such as levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, cefuroxime axetil tablets, and ibuprofen sustained-release capsules as directed by your doctor. Cold compresses should be used to relieve swelling in the acute phase, and hot compresses can be used to promote blood circulation in the chronic phase.

5. Varicocele

Varicocele is caused by venous valve insufficiency leading to blood accumulation, which may manifest as scrotal swelling and testicular enlargement. Mild cases can be relieved by wearing tight underwear, while moderate to severe cases require high spermatic vein ligation. Avoid heavy physical labor and prolonged standing for three months after surgery, and review semen quality regularly.

In daily life, you should avoid long-term riding or sitting, keep the perineum clean and dry, and choose loose and breathable cotton underwear. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, limit the intake of spicy foods, quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption. If you find that your testicles continue to swell or are accompanied by severe pain, fever and other symptoms, you must seek medical attention immediately to investigate the cause. Do not delay treatment by taking medication on your own.