First aid and emergency health training content includes

The core content of first aid and emergency health training can be summarized into four categories: on-site first aid skills, common emergency risk identification, self-health emergency response, and basic psychological adjustment. It is essentially a set of practical skills covering the entire process of "prevention, recognition, rescue, and adjustment". There is no pretentiousness, and each item corresponds to the life-saving needs in real scenarios.

I have been doing public first aid training for 6 years, and I have seen too many people save people after learning it for the first time. In a training session at a community station last year, there was an Aunt Zhang in her fifties. Not even a week after learning the Heimlich maneuver, she went back to save her little grandson who had jelly stuck in his throat and his face was purple. This part of the content is also the core of all training. After all, when it comes to life and death situations, knowing how to operate is better than anything else. Now the industry does have different ideas on how to set up this part of the content: In order to lower the threshold for participation in the American Heart Association's general public courses, it is now recommended that non-professionals who mind mouth-to-mouth contact can only do continuous chest compressions when doing manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and do not need to force artificial respiration. ； However, the domestic Red Cross Society’s systematic training still requires mastering the standard process of “30 compressions plus 2 ventilations.” Both requirements are reasonable. For ordinary people, even if they dare to do compressions and call 120 immediately when something happens, it is already much better than standing around and watching.

It is not enough to rescue someone when something goes wrong. In many cases, being able to identify risks early is much more useful than remediating them after something goes wrong. I once had a trainee at an Internet company who said that a young man in his department had chest pains while working overtime. He thought he had suffered from bloating due to overexertion. After struggling for two hours, he said that he had suffered a massive myocardial infarction when he was sent to the hospital, and he almost didn't survive. This is a typical failure to recognize emergency signs. Many signs of myocardial infarction and stroke are very similar to ordinary minor illnesses. How to quickly distinguish the three signs of stroke: "face crookedness, numbness of hands, and slurred speech"; how to judge whether chest pain is stomach pain or myocardial infarction; how to distinguish between ordinary heat stroke and fatal heat stroke on hot days. These are the focus of the training. Of course, the focus of training in different scenarios is different. Most of the company's training will focus on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies, pulmonary embolism caused by prolonged sitting, and heat stroke, which are common problems in the workplace. Training in outdoor clubs will focus on snake and insect bites, hypothermia, and fracture fixation. You don't have to be comprehensive, just fit your own life scenarios.

Many people think that first aid is all about saving others. In fact, nearly one-third of the training is about teaching you how to save yourself and how to deal with daily minor accidents. For example, should I apply ice or heat to a sprained foot? In the past, the old saying was to apply ice within 24 hours and then apply heat afterwards. Now the latest sports medicine guidelines actually recommend intermittent ice application as long as there are still symptoms of redness, swelling, heat and pain. There is no need to switch to heat application at the same time. Random application of heat may aggravate swelling. Also, when you are burned or scalded, you should shower with cold water for 15 minutes immediately, instead of applying toothpaste or soy sauce. If you are scratched by a cat or dog, you should get a rabies vaccine as soon as possible regardless of bleeding. These seem to be common sense, but many people will remember it wrong when something happens. I have seen too many children burn their skin with miso applied by their parents, which ended up causing infection and leaving scars. It’s such a pity.

There is another piece of content that is not included in many ordinary trainings now, but I will set aside 20 minutes to talk about it in every class - psychological adjustment in emergency scenarios. When someone actually encounters an accident, many people's first reaction is that their legs are weak, their hands are shaking, and their minds are blank. There was a girl who just went to college. When she encountered someone fainting on the subway for the first time, she went up to help and pressed the center button for ten minutes. Afterwards, her hands were shaking for two hours and she couldn't stop herself. Later, she came to me specifically to ask how to adjust. In fact, it is necessary to prepare mentally in advance and know how to calm down quickly when something happens, how to relieve uncomfortable emotions after helping others, and how to communicate with emotionally agitated family members to avoid doing bad things with good intentions. These contents may seem to have nothing to do with "first aid", but when you actually arrive at the scene, your mental stability will directly determine whether you can use the skills you learned.

To be honest, there is no unified "perfect training content list". After all, the needs of different people are very different. Those with elderly people at home should learn more about the identification and treatment of stroke and myocardial infarction, those who often take care of children should learn more about Heimlich and burn treatment, and those who like to go outdoors should learn more about trauma dressing and hypothermia first aid. It is much more useful than learning everything superficially. When we ordinary people learn this, we don’t want to be professional first aiders, but when we really encounter something, whether it’s a family member or a passer-by, it’s enough to not panic and grab those most critical minutes.