The relationship between first aid and emergency health includes

The former is the front-end core focus of the latter to reach emergency scenarios, and the latter is the support and extension of the former. The two are not subordinate, but jointly cover the entire chain of health protection from prevention before injury and illness, treatment during the incident to prognosis after the incident. They are the two most closely bound links in the public health protection network.

Last summer, when I was doing emergency science popularization in the community, I encountered a real incident: Uncle Zhang, who lived in Building 3, suddenly fell down when he went downstairs to throw out garbage. The neighbors who gathered around him would only pinch people, and some people wanted to feed Suxiao Jiuxin Pills. Fortunately, the nurse from the community hospital happened to be doing a free clinic nearby that day. She rushed over and touched the carotid artery and took the temperature. It was judged that it was severe heat stroke. The patient was cooled on the spot and an intravenous access was opened. By the time he was transferred to the emergency department at 120, the risk of developing heat stroke had been avoided. But the matter was not over yet. In the next half month, the family doctor from the community visited his home every week to monitor his electrolytes and cardiopulmonary function, and also adjusted the dosage of antihypertensive drugs for him. You see, on-site first aid is to bring a person back from death, and subsequent emergency health follow-up is to completely stabilize the person and avoid subsequent secondary problems.

Regarding the boundary between the two, there are actually different voices in the industry. Most scholars in the field of public health tend to classify first aid as a core subset of emergency health, and believe that all first aid actions must consider the subsequent long-term health benefits from the beginning: for example, when fixing a fracture, you should not just tie it up quickly, but you must also consider whether it will leave additional damage to subsequent reduction. ； When performing the Heimlich maneuver for airway foreign body obstruction in children, the force must be controlled to avoid injury to abdominal organs. However, most of the first-line first responders who run to the hospital do not agree with this classification. To be honest, I have volunteered as a pre-hospital first aid for three years, and I am more inclined to the latter judgment: When it comes to the scene where time is running out, the first thing to ensure is that "the person is still there." It is too common for patients with cardiac arrest to perform chest compressions to break the ribs. We can't just not press it if we are afraid of breaking the ribs. What's the follow-up health if the person is gone?

In fact, there is no conflict between these two views at all, they just stand at different time points. First aid corresponds to the "golden 4 minutes" and "golden 1 hour" life-and-death moments, while emergency health draws a longer timeline: advance first aid knowledge is the pre-prevention link of emergency health, first aid at the scene of the incident is the immediate response link of emergency health, and subsequent follow-up, risk investigation, and health guidance are the follow-up support links of emergency health. None of them will work.

When I was on duty at a first-aid station in a business district, I met a 5-year-old child who got stuck in his airway after eating peanuts. His mother happened to have learned the Heimlich maneuver and coughed out most of the peanuts after half a minute. The child stopped crying at that time and dragged his mother to buy toys. We stopped him for a simple physical examination, and specifically told the parents that if he has a cough, low-grade fever, or shortness of breath in the next three days, he must go to the hospital immediately, as there may be debris falling into the bronchus. Two days later, the parents actually came with their children in their arms. They said they had a low fever and cough the night before. After taking a CT scan, it turned out that there was a piece of peanut less than 2 mm stuck in the left bronchus. It was taken out under the microscope and everything was fine. Think about it, if you had saved him and left him alone, the debris might have caused recurrent pneumonia or even lung abscess, and the effectiveness of first aid would have been greatly compromised.

To put it inappropriately, first aid is like a fireman coming to put out the fire when your house is on fire. If the open fire is extinguished and the people are rescued, the task is completed.； Emergency Health is about identifying hidden dangers after putting out a fire, inspecting circuits, and popularizing fire prevention knowledge. It will also help you repair the blackened walls and tell you how to avoid catching fire next time. The two are originally a combination of punches and cannot be separated.

I had dinner with Lao Zhou from the Municipal Emergency Center a while ago. He has been doing pre-hospital first aid for 20 years and has rescued as many as 80 people, if not 100. He said that he used to think that saving people and handing them over to the emergency department was the end of the story. However, after doing emergency health follow-up in the past few years, he discovered that many people who were rescued either suffered sequelae or developed emergencies due to improper living habits because of lack of health guidance. “Being able to save people is a matter of skill, and allowing the rescued people to live a good life is the only way to truly keep health in the hands of the people." This is not a rough statement. After all, whether it is first aid or emergency health, the final destination is always the "people" themselves.