Common knowledge about menstrual periods for adolescent girls

　　women and children The health center treated 2,136 patients aged 10-21 female A questionnaire survey was conducted and it was found that there are many common problems related to menstruation. healthy question. In the survey, 1,204 people had menstrual diseases, accounting for 63.37% of the total. in, Dysmenorrhea Accounting for 87.13%, the others are oligomenorrhea, irregular menstruation, premenstrual tension, amenorrhea。

　　“Currently from clinical It seems that there are indeed more cases of menstrual diseases among adolescent girls, but nationwide epidemiological survey data are needed to support this. ”“Some adolescent menstrual diseases are related to the nutritional status of girls. For example, some girls may suffer from severe weight loss due to excessive dieting and too little body fat, which may lead to amenorrhea and other conditions. ； Some girls who are too overweight are prone to menstrual cycle disorders. Among obese adolescent women, polycystic ovaries The incidence of syndrome is also significantly higher than that in normal-weight women, and this disease It can lead to menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, abnormal ovulation, etc. ”

　　Being overweight also affects menarche. “Relevant studies in Europe and the United States have found that women have earlier menarche, and obesity is a possible cause. ”

　　But there is no need to worry too much about menstrual diseases in adolescence. As age increases and the ovarian reproductive axis organs mature, ovarian function and nerve Endocrine regulation functions are becoming increasingly perfect, and menstrual diseases will gradually decrease. Within 2 years after menarche, about 50%-90% are anovulatory cycles, and after 5 years, 80% are ovulatory cycles.

　　Foreign studies have confirmed that girls can have menarche when their weight is 42-44 kg. Generally, cyclic menstruation will occur 2 years after the onset of menstruation. “If menstruation is still very irregular after one year since the onset of menstruation, it is necessary to have menstruation Hospital Get checked and if there are problems, treat them early. ”

　　Sexual common sense in adolescence: introduction to sexual maturity and menarche

　　The female reproductive system consists of vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. In the future childbirth, the ovaries should be considered as the key player. The development of the ovary initiates sexual development and influences its further development and maturity.

　　At menarche, the ovaries are developed but not mature, and their weight is only one-third of their mature size.； Its function is extremely unstable, like that of a toddler, and falls are common. Therefore, girls' menarche is often very irregular, and may occur once every one to two months, or only once every three to five months. Only after a year or a little longer, menstruation will gradually occur once a month.

　　The ovulation function is also constantly maturing. During the menarche stage, the ovaries do not yet have the function of ovulation. Generally, women begin to ovulate within one year after menarche. A small number of girls do not ovulate until two to three years. This is also within the normal range. Physiologically, it is called the normal physiological infertility period. After that, the ovary gradually develops and enlarges, and follicles of various stages are formed. The uneven surface of the ovary is seen in the anatomy, and then it begins its truly mature functional activities - cyclical ovulation once a month, and continuous secretion of various endocrine hormones, allowing the rapid development of internal and external sexual organs. At this time, she has matured into a woman worthy of the name.

　　The age of menarche is related to economic level, nutritional status, environmental factors, etc. It is generally between ten and sixteen years old. However, in recent years, there has been a clear trend of earlier menarche in girls. It usually takes about three years, or even longer, from menarche to sexual maturity.

　　However, the development and maturity of reproductive system organs does not mean complete sexual maturity. Because in addition to the development of organs, the development of the human body is probably more important to a person's psychological development, and even includes the growth of social experience and intelligence. Perhaps this is one of the fundamental differences between humans and animals. When various animals begin to develop sexually, they will chase each other and have sex during the estrous period. However, as thinking and rational humans, in addition to sexual impulses controlled by endocrine hormones, they are more and more importantly restricted by morality, concepts, emotions, and responsibilities for the future.

　　Although there are some young girls who do some stupid things in a confused way, thinking that they have "grown up", and thus engage in sexual relations prematurely. However, girls should realize that menarche is only the beginning of sexual development and is still far from sexual maturity. ； The maturation of sexual organs and functions is only the completion of the development of tissue structure. To be a truly mature woman, it takes a certain amount of time. By then, they—the “them” who have passed away or the “them” who have just entered adolescence—will be able to better control their own reason and behavior.