What causes ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer may be caused by genetic factors, endocrine disorders, environmental exposure, chronic inflammation, and reproductive factors. The main factors include hereditary gene mutations, long-term abnormal estrogen levels, exposure to asbestos and other carcinogens, recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, nullity or delayed childbirth, and other factors.

1. Genetic factors

BRCA1/2 gene mutations are a well-established genetic risk, causing defects in DNA repair function. Carriers have a significantly increased risk of developing cancer throughout their lives, usually with multiple members of the family suffering from breast or ovarian cancer. It is recommended that those with a family history undergo genetic testing, and preventive oophorectomy may be considered if necessary. Related drugs include PARP inhibitors such as olaparib capsules and niraparib capsules.

2. Endocrine disorders

Long-term anovulatory menstrual cycles will cause estrogen to continuously stimulate the ovarian epithelium, which may induce abnormal cell proliferation. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome or those who have used ovulation induction drugs for a long time are at higher risk and are often accompanied by symptoms such as menstrual irregularities and hirsutism. Ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets are commonly used clinically to regulate hormones, but they must be used strictly in compliance with the doctor's instructions.

3. Environmental exposure

Long-term exposure to asbestos, talc and other industrial raw materials may be transferred to the ovaries through pelvic lymphatics. This type of substance is clearly carcinogenic, and people with occupational exposure may suffer from persistent lower abdominal pain. Protective measures include wearing protective equipment and having regular gynecological ultrasound examinations.

4. Chronic inflammation

Recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis can trigger changes in the local microenvironment. Continuous stimulation of inflammatory factors may lead to ovarian metaplasia, and many patients have a history of dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. Levofloxacin tablets combined with metronidazole tablets can be used for treatment. Severe cases require surgery to loosen adhesions.

5. Reproductive factors

In nulliparous women, the ovaries remain in a state of stress because the ovulation cycle is not interrupted. The small damage to the ovarian surface caused by each ovulation may accumulate into a risk of cancer. It is recommended for this group of people to undergo regular combined CA125 and ultrasound screening. For those who have fertility needs, short-term oral contraceptives may be considered to reduce the frequency of ovulation.

Maintaining regular exercise can help regulate endocrine levels. It is recommended to perform aerobic exercise 3-5 times a week. Increase your dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables, which contain indole-3-carbinol, which has potential anti-cancer effects. Avoid using personal care products containing talc to reduce exposure to environmental carcinogens. Women over 40 years old should have gynecological examinations every year. If they experience non-specific symptoms such as persistent abdominal distension and frequent urination, they need to seek medical treatment promptly.